时间：2026-09-28     【转载】

国家卫生健康委9月22日公布《孤独症谱系障碍儿童干预康复指南（2026年版）》，明确目前针对孤独症病因和发病机制的特异性治疗方法还很有限，主要干预方法为康复训练，最佳治疗期为6岁前，越早干预效果越好。

孤独症谱系障碍也称自闭症，简称孤独症，是一类起病于儿童早期的神经发育障碍，以社交互动与社交交流障碍、兴趣狭隘与行为重复刻板为主要特征，多呈长期慢性病程，可伴有语言迟缓、智力障碍及自伤、冲动等挑战性行为，可共患精神或躯体疾病，常对个体社会功能和生活质量造成不同程度损害。

根据此版指南，干预康复目的主要为改善孤独症儿童的缺陷行为，减少非适应性、非功能性的局限兴趣和重复刻板行为，减少和消除挑战性行为，增加功能性和适应性行为，解决共存问题和共患病，提升孤独症儿童的社会适应性及生活质量。

干预康复基本原则包括早期干预、个体化干预、综合干预、科学循证、长程高强度、基层为主、家庭参与、社会融合与支持等。

干预康复内容包括健康教育、针对缺陷行为的干预康复、针对非适应性非功能性的局限兴趣和重复刻板行为的干预、针对挑战性行为的干预、共存问题和共患病干预、家庭干预、心理治疗、数智干预康复、随访等方面。

On September 22, the National Health Commission released the Guidelines for Intervention and Rehabilitation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2026 Edition), which state explicitly that specific treatments targeting the causes and mechanisms of autism remain very limited, that the primary intervention approach is rehabilitation training, and that the optimal treatment window is before the age of six — the earlier the intervention, the better the outcome.

Autism spectrum disorder, also known as autism, is a category of neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in early childhood. It is characterized mainly by deficits in social interaction and social communication, and by restricted interests and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. It generally follows a long-term, chronic course, and may be accompanied by language delay, intellectual disability, and challenging behaviors such as self-injury and impulsivity. It can co-occur with psychiatric or physical disorders, and often causes varying degrees of impairment to an individual's social functioning and quality of life.

According to this edition of the Guidelines, the main purposes of intervention and rehabilitation are to improve the deficit behaviors of children with autism, reduce maladaptive and non-functional restricted interests and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors, reduce and eliminate challenging behaviors, increase functional and adaptive behaviors, address co-occurring problems and comorbidities, and enhance the social adaptability and quality of life of children with autism.

The basic principles of intervention and rehabilitation include early intervention, individualized intervention, comprehensive intervention, scientifically evidence-based practice, long-term and high-intensity intervention, a primary-care-based approach, family participation, and social inclusion and support.

The content of intervention and rehabilitation covers health education; intervention and rehabilitation targeting deficit behaviors; intervention targeting maladaptive and non-functional restricted interests and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors; intervention targeting challenging behaviors; intervention for co-occurring problems and comorbidities; family intervention; psychotherapy; digital and intelligent intervention and rehabilitation; and follow-up.