时间：2026-09-10     【转载】

第一步：

评估周围环境，确保现场安全。

第二步：

对患者状态进行判断。

①意识：轻拍双肩，耳边大声呼唤。

②呼吸：观察患者胸部或腹部起伏有无喘息或异常呼吸（不超过十秒）。

③脉搏：同时触摸颈动脉有无搏动（非医务人员无需判断）。同时，大声呼救，指定在场人员拨打120急救电话，无在场人员时，自己迅速拨打，并同急救中心医务人员保持有效沟通。

第三步：

若患者无意识，呼吸、脉搏消失，应立即进行胸外按压和人工呼吸。

按压方式：双臂伸直一手掌紧贴患者胸壁，另一手掌重叠放在此手背上，手指交叉互握并翘起，掌根部用力。

按压位置：两乳头连线中点。

按压幅度和频率：胸骨下陷5～6厘米（成年人），每次按压后胸廓充分回弹，双手不离开胸壁，频率100～120次/分。

人工呼吸：清理气道异物，仰头提颏法开放气道，一手捏鼻，嘴巴张大包紧患者嘴唇进行缓慢持续1秒钟吹气，吹气时余光观察患者胸廓是否微微起伏，放松捏鼻再次进行吹气。

按压和通气比例为30∶2，按压和人工呼吸5个循环后重新评估患者的意识、呼吸和脉搏。

第四步：

若有自动体外除颤器（AED），按照AED操作流程（AED设备都配有说明书，不要发愁，按步骤操作，非常简单）进行自动除颤，可大大提高急救成功率。

Step 1:

Assess the surroundings and make sure the scene is safe.

Step 2:

Assess the patient's condition.

① Consciousness: Tap the person on both shoulders and shout loudly into their ear.

② Breathing: Watch the patient's chest or abdomen for movement, gasping, or abnormal breathing (for no more than ten seconds).

③ Pulse: At the same time, feel the carotid artery for a pulse (lay rescuers do not need to check this). At the same time, call loudly for help and designate someone on the scene to dial the 120 emergency number; if no one else is present, call it yourself at once and stay in effective communication with the emergency medical dispatcher.

Step 3:

If the patient is unresponsive and their breathing and pulse have stopped, start chest compressions and rescue breathing immediately.

Compression technique: Keep both arms straight. Place one palm firmly against the patient's chest wall, put the other hand on top of it, interlock your fingers and lift them, and press with the heel of your hand.

Compression location: The midpoint of the line between the two nipples.

Compression depth and rate: Depress the sternum by 5–6 cm (for adults). Let the chest recoil fully after each compression, keeping your hands on the chest wall; the rate is 100–120 compressions per minute.

Rescue breathing: Clear foreign matter from the airway, open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver, pinch the nose with one hand, open your mouth wide and seal it tightly over the patient's lips, and blow in slowly and steadily for 1 second; as you blow, watch from the corner of your eye for a slight rise of the patient's chest, then release the nose and give another breath.

The compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30:2. After five cycles of compressions and rescue breaths, reassess the patient's consciousness, breathing, and pulse.

Step 4:

If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, deliver automatic defibrillation by following the AED operating procedure (AED devices come with an instruction manual — don't worry, just follow the steps, it is very simple). This can greatly improve the success rate of resuscitation.