适老家居相关的法律政策和扶持方案/Legal policies and support plans related to elderly friendly homes

一、法律政策

1. 《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》

• 规定了国家和社会应当采取措施，改善老年人生活、健康、安全以及参与社会发展的条件。适老家居改造属于改善老年人生活条件的范畴，从法律层面保障了老年人享有适宜生活环境的权利。

• 要求地方各级人民政府和有关部门应当按照老年人口比例及分布情况，将养老服务设施建设纳入城乡社区配套设施建设规划，这间接为适老家居改造提供了基础设施规划依据。

2. 无障碍环境建设相关法规

• 各地出台的无障碍环境建设条例中，虽然主要针对公共建筑和公共场所，但其中一些原则和规范也适用于老年人家庭环境。例如，保障通行安全、便利使用设施等理念，对适老家居改造中卫生间扶手安装、通道无障碍设计等方面有指导意义。

二、扶持方案

1.政府补贴

• 现金补贴：许多地方政府对符合条件的老年人家庭提供适老化改造现金补贴。例如，北京、上海、广州等地根据老年人的年龄、经济状况、身体状况等因素确定补贴标准，一般每户补贴金额在几千元到上万元不等，用于支付诸如安装防滑设施、配置辅助器具等改造费用。

• 实物补贴：部分地区采取发放适老化改造产品的方式，如为老年人免费提供轮椅、助行器、洗澡椅、智能感应设备等，以改善其居家生活条件。

2.社区支持

• 社区服务：社区会组织专业人员对老年人家庭进行适老化改造需求评估，并提供改造方案建议。有些社区还设有便民服务站，为老年人提供诸如小型设施安装、简单维修等服务。

• 志愿者服务：发动志愿者参与适老家居改造工作，包括帮助老年人整理家居、搬运改造材料、提供陪伴和心理疏导等服务。例如，一些高校志愿者团队会定期到社区帮助老年人进行简单的家居环境优化。

3.行业扶持

• 产业发展政策：政府出台相关政策鼓励适老家居产业发展，包括给予适老家居产品生产企业税收优惠、研发补贴等。这有助于降低产品成本，使更多老年人能够负担得起适老家居改造产品和服务。

• 专业培训：组织开展适老家居改造相关的职业技能培训，培养专业的适老化改造施工人员、评估人员等，提高行业服务水平。例如，一些地方劳动保障部门会联合企业开展适老化改造技能培训，并颁发相关职业资格证书。

4.金融支持

• 贷款优惠：部分金融机构针对老年人家庭或从事适老家居改造的企业推出优惠贷款政策。老年人家庭可以在较低利率的条件下获得贷款用于家居改造，企业则可以获得用于扩大生产、技术研发等方面的资金支持。

• 保险保障：推广适老家居改造相关保险产品，如在改造过程中出现的意外事故保险、适老家居产品质量保险等，为老年人和相关企业提供风险保障。

1、 Legal policies

1. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly

• It stipulates that the state and society should take measures to improve the living, health, safety, and participation conditions of the elderly in social development. The renovation of elderly homes belongs to the category of improving the living conditions of the elderly, and legally guarantees the right of the elderly to enjoy a suitable living environment.

Local governments at all levels and relevant departments are required to incorporate the construction of elderly care service facilities into the planning of urban and rural community supporting facilities according to the proportion and distribution of the elderly population, which indirectly provides infrastructure planning basis for the renovation of elderly friendly homes.

2. Regulations related to the construction of accessible environments

In the regulations on the construction of accessible environments issued by various regions, although they mainly target public buildings and public places, some of the principles and norms also apply to the home environment of the elderly. For example, the concepts of ensuring safe passage and convenient use of facilities have guiding significance for the installation of bathroom handrails and barrier free design in elderly friendly home renovation.

2、 Support Program

1. Government subsidies

Cash subsidies: Many local governments provide age appropriate renovation cash subsidies to eligible elderly families. For example, in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places, subsidy standards are determined based on factors such as the age, economic status, and physical condition of the elderly. Generally, the subsidy amount per household ranges from several thousand yuan to tens of thousands of yuan, which is used to pay for renovation costs such as installing anti-skid facilities and configuring auxiliary equipment.

• In kind subsidies: Some regions adopt the method of distributing age appropriate renovation products, such as providing free wheelchairs, walking aids, shower chairs, intelligent sensing devices, etc. for the elderly to improve their living conditions at home.

2. Community support

Community service: The community will organize professionals to assess the aging adaptation needs of elderly households and provide recommendations for renovation plans. Some communities also have convenience service stations that provide services such as small facility installation and simple maintenance for the elderly.

Volunteer service: Mobilize volunteers to participate in the renovation of elderly homes, including helping the elderly organize their homes, moving renovation materials, providing companionship and psychological counseling services. For example, some volunteer teams from universities regularly go to the community to help elderly people with simple home environment optimization.

3. Industry support

Industrial development policies: The government has introduced relevant policies to encourage the development of the elderly friendly home industry, including providing tax incentives and research and development subsidies to elderly friendly home product manufacturers. This helps to reduce product costs and enable more elderly people to afford elderly friendly home renovation products and services.

Professional training: Organize and carry out vocational skills training related to elderly friendly home renovation, cultivate professional elderly friendly renovation construction personnel, evaluators, etc., and improve the service level of the industry. For example, some local labor security departments will cooperate with enterprises to carry out skills training for aging adaptation and issue relevant vocational qualification certificates.

4. Financial support

• Loan discounts: Some financial institutions have launched preferential loan policies for elderly families or enterprises engaged in elderly friendly home renovation. Elderly families can obtain loans at lower interest rates for home renovation, while enterprises can receive financial support for expanding production, technological research and development, and other aspects.

• Insurance coverage: Promote insurance products related to elderly friendly home renovation, such as accident insurance during the renovation process, quality insurance for elderly friendly home products, etc., to provide risk protection for the elderly and related enterprises.