妇科B超为什么要憋尿？Why should gynecological ultrasound hold urine?

大多数妇科B超要想获得较满意的效果，都需要憋尿。在此专家向诸位介绍一下哪些情况下需要憋尿。

B超检查前需要憋尿的原因：

（1）子宫及卵巢深居小骨盆内，小肠往往会下垂至盆腔中。作腹部B超时，肠管的蠕动及其内容物可干扰子宫及附件的影像，致使其显示不清。因此检查前要求患者大量饮水、憋尿使膀胱充盈，将肠管推向上方。

（2）尿液为均匀的介质，有利超声波通过以显示其后方的子宫及附件。

因此，要获得满意的B超检查结果必须憋住尿。有时情况紧急，不允许花时间憋尿，医师可以插导尿管向膀胱中注入生理盐水以代替尿液，这是一种应急手段，不能常规使用。

以下情况可以不必憋尿：

（1）妊娠3个月以后，子宫长大升入腹腔，将肠管自然推向上方，官腔内又有羊水，此时观察胎儿就不再需要憋尿。

（2）阴道B超可以直接看到子宫及附件的影像，不受肠管的干扰，因此不必憋尿。可惜这种检查还不能普遍地用于妇产科临床。

Most gynecological B-ultrasound require holding urine in order to achieve satisfactory results. Here, the expert will introduce to you under what circumstances it is necessary to hold urine.

Reasons for holding urine before B-ultrasound examination:

(1) The uterus and ovaries are deeply embedded in the pelvic cavity, and the small intestine often hangs down into the pelvic cavity. During abdominal ultrasound, the peristalsis of the intestinal tract and its contents can interfere with the imaging of the uterus and adnexa, resulting in unclear display. Therefore, before the examination, patients are required to drink plenty of water and hold their urine to fill their bladder, and push the intestinal tract upwards.

(2) Urine is a uniform medium that facilitates ultrasound to display the uterus and adnexa behind it.

Therefore, in order to obtain satisfactory ultrasound results, it is necessary to hold back urine. Sometimes in emergency situations, it is not allowed to hold urine for a long time. Doctors can insert a catheter to inject physiological saline into the bladder instead of urine, which is an emergency measure and cannot be used routinely.

The following situations do not require holding urine:

(1) After 3 months of pregnancy, the uterus grows and rises into the abdominal cavity, naturally pushing the intestinal tract upwards, and there is amniotic fluid in the uterine cavity. At this time, observing the fetus no longer requires holding urine.

(2) Vaginal ultrasound can directly see images of the uterus and adnexa without interference from the intestinal tract, so there is no need to hold urine. Unfortunately, this type of examination cannot be widely used in obstetrics and gynecology clinical practice.